বৈশাখী::একটি পান্জাবী উত্সব

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Vaisakhi (Punjabi: ਵਿਸਾਖੀ, visākhī), also known as Baisakhi, Vaishakhi, or Vasakhi refers to the harvest festival of the Punjab region, the Punjabi new year falling on the first day of Vaisakh which is the first solar month of the Punjabi calendar, Khalsa Sirjana Divas which marks the birth of the Khalsa in the year 1699 and the Mesha Sankranti festival. It is celebrated on either 13 or 14 April.



বৈশাখী প্যারেড

Date and observance

The day represents the Spring equinox which normally occurs around 21 March but the day is marked on 13 April due to changes in the calendar.[1]

The festival is especially important for the Sikh community as it marks the establishment of the Khalsa which is also termed Khalsa Sirjana Divas [2] and falls on the first day of Vaisakh which is the second month of the Nanakshahi calendar. According to the Nanakshahi calendar, Khalsa Sirjana divas is marked on 14 April. [3]

In other cases, Vaisakhi falls on 13 April. Mesha Sankranti (the first of the solar month of Vaisakha) marks the start of the solar new year across many parts of the sub-continent using luni-solar calendars and is important for Hindus. In regions where the regional new year begins with the start of the lunar new year,[4] Mesha Sankranti is also considered to be an important day.

The festival also coincides with other new year festivals celebrated on the first day of Vaisakh 13 April, in some regions of the Indian Subcontinent such as Pohela Boishakh the Bengali New Year, Bohag Bihu of Assam or Puthandu, the Tamil New Year.

Punjab region::

Harvest festival

Vaisakhi is a Punjabi harvest festival for people of the Punjab region.[5] This day is also observed as a thanksgiving day by farmers whereby farmers pay their tribute, thanking God for the abundant harvest and also praying for future prosperity.

Aawat pauni

A tradition associated with harvesting is Aawat pauni which involves people getting together to harvest the wheat. Drums are played whilst people work. At the end of the day, people sing dohay to the tunes of the drum.[6]

An example of a Punjabi doha (couplet) is:

Kothey ute kothrhi, ute nar sukave kes

kite yaar dikhai de gya badal ke bharava,

gabhrua oh bhes

Bhangra

The harvest festival is also characterised by the folk dance Bhangra which traditionally is a harvest dance.



[

ট্রাফালগার স্কয়ারে পান্জাবী নয়া বছর বৈশাখী উত্সব

b]

Punjabi New Year[/b]

According to the Punjabi calendar, Vaisakhi is also the Punjabi New Year (occurring on the first of the solar month of Vaisakh) based on the solar aspect of the Punjabi calendar which in turn is based on the Bikrami calendar and is used by all communities. The new year is observed throughout the Punjab region.[7] Hindus use the Punjabi calendar as their religious calendar too. Fairs are organised on Vaisakhi day in Punjabi villages.

Punjab, Pakistan

Vaisakhi is observed as a harvest festival in Punjab, Pakistan and the local new year irrespective of faith.[8] Vaisakhi fairs are traditionally held in various places including Lahore.[9]

Punjab, India

Fairs are held in many parts of Punjab, India to mark the new year and the harvesting season.

Jammu Division

Vaisakhi fairs take place in various places, including Jammu City, Kathua, Udhampur, Reasi and Samba.[10]

Haryana

Fairs are held to celebrate Vaisakhi in Haryana. Haryana Tourism organise a Vaisakhi mela in the Pinjore complex near Chandigarh.[11]



Himachal Pradesh

Vaisakhi fairs are held in many places of Himachal Pradesh including Rewalsar, Shimla, Mandi and Prashar Lakes.[12]



Khalsa Sirjana Divas

Importance for Sikhs

Vaisakhi is one of the three festivals chosen by Guru Amar Das to be celebrated by Sikhs (the others being Maghi and Diwali[13] which later gave rise to the festival of Bandi Chor Divas during the times of the sixth Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji).

The festival bears a great significance for Sikhs because on the Vaisakhi Day 29 March[14] in the year 1699, the 10th Guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh laid down the foundation of the Panth Khalsa, that is the Order of the Pure Ones giving rise to the festival of Khalsa Sirjana Divas. It is also used as a celebration for those accepting the five Ks.

To mark the celebrations, Sikh devotees generally attend the Gurdwara before dawn with flowers and offerings in hands. Processions through towns are also common.

Celebration

Vaisakhi/Khalsa Sirjana Divas is celebrated on the first day of the second month of Vaisakh according to the Nanakshahi calendar. The festival is celebrated on 14 April,[15] with the era starting in 1699 A.D.

Punjab (India)

The main celebration takes place at Talwandi Sabo (where Guru Gobind Singh stayed for nine months and completed the recompilation of the Guru Granth Sahib),[16] and in the Gurudwara at Anandpur Sahib (see picture above), the birthplace of the Khalsa and at the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

Punjab (Pakistan)

Vaisakhi is widely celebrated by Sikhs in Western Punjab (Pakistan) as well, with festivities centered on the Panja Sahib complex in Hasan Abdal, numerous Gurudwaras in Nankana Sahib, and in various historical sites in Lahore.[17] It is culturally and traditionally regarded as an important and significant Punjabi festival, further exemplified by the thousands of Sikh pilgrims from around the world arriving each year to commemorate the day at the sacred Sikh sites of Nankana Sahib and Hasan Abdal.[18]

In United States, Canada, and United Kingdom

In the United States, there is usually a parade commemorating the Vaisakhi celebration. In Manhattan, New York City[19] people come out to do "Seva" (selfless service) such as giving out free food, and completing any other labor that needs to be done. In Los Angeles, California, the local Sikh community consisting of many Gurdwaras[20] holds a full day Kirtan (spiritual music) program followed by a parade. The local Sikh community in Vancouver, Abbotsford and Surrey, British Columbia, Canada holds its annual Vaisakhi celebrations in April,[21] which often includes a Nagar Kirtan (parade) with the parade is Surrey involving 200,000 people in 2014.[22]

The United Kingdom has a large Sikh community originating from the Indian sub-continent, East Africa[23] and Afghanistan. The largest concentrations of Sikhs in the UK are to be found in the West Midlands (especially Birmingham and Wolverhampton) and London.[24] The Southall Nagar Kirtan is held on a Sunday a week or two before Vaisakhi. The Birmingham Nagar Kirtan is held in late April in association with Birmingham City Council,[25] and it is an annual event attracting thousands of people which commences with two separate nagar kirtans setting off from gurdwaras in the city and culminating in the Vaisakhi Mela at Handsworth Park.[26]

References



Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 3 (1869) Asiatic Society [1]

I. J. Singh. Sikhs Today: Ideas & Opinions

Purewal, Pal. "Vaisakhi Dates Range According To Indian Ephemeris By Swamikannu Pillai - i.e. English Date on 1 Vaisakh Bikrami" (PDF). http://www.purewal.biz/. Retrieved 13 April 2016. External link in |website= (help)

"Chaitra Shukla Pratipada (Gudhi Padwa)". Hindu Janajagruti Samiti.

Bakshi,S. R. Sharma, Sita Ram (1998) Parkash Singh Badal: Chief Minister of Punjab [2]

Dr Singh, Sadhu (2010) Punjabi Boli Di Virasat.Chetna Prakashan. ISBN 817883618-1

Brown, Alan (1986) Festivals in World Religions

Rajput, A.B. (1977) Social Customs and Practices in Pakistan

Ahmad, Aziz-Ud-Din 21.02.2015 Pakistan Today. Cultural decline in Lahore.

Zee TV. 14.04.2015 Baisakhi celebrated with fervour, gaiety in J&K

Punia, B.K. (1994)Tourism Management: Problems and Prospect

Baisakhi Festival

Glimpses of Sikhism By Major Nahar Singh Jawandha

Purewal, Pal. "Vaisakhi Dates Range According To Indian Ephemeris By Swamikannu Pillai - i.e. English Date on 1 Vaisakh Bikrami" (PDF). http://www.purewal.biz/. Retrieved 13 April 2016. External link in |website= (help)

Purewal, Pal. "Vaisakhi Dates Range According To Indian Ephemeris By Swamikannu Pillai - i.e. English Date on 1 Vaisakh Bikrami" (PDF). http://www.purewal.biz/. Retrieved 13 April 2016. External link in |website= (help)

Tribune News service (14 April 2009). "Vaisakhi celebrated with fervour, gaiety". The Tribune, Chandigarh.

Muhammad Najeeb Hasan Abdal (12 April 2008). "Sikh throng Pakistan shrine for Vaisakhi". Thaindian News. http://www.thaindian.com. Retrieved 22 January 2012.

Ary News 17 April 2015 Sikh pligrims gather in Pakistan for Vaisakhi festival [3]

"Annual NYC Sikh Day Parade". http://www.nycsikhdayparade.com. 30 April. Retrieved 22 January 2012. Check date values in: |date= (help)

http://www.gururamdasashram.org/baisakhi

Global News 12 April 2015 Vaisakhi celebrated at parade in south Vancouver [4]

VancouverDesi.com 14 April 2015 What you need to know about the Vaisakhi parade [5]

S. K. Rait (2005) Sikh Women in England: Their Religious and Cultural Beliefs and Social Practices [6]

Amarjeet Singh (2014) Indian Diaspora: Voices of Grandparents and Grandparenting [7]

http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/vaisakhi

"Thousands join Sikh Vaisakhi celebrations in Birmingham". BBC News. 22 April 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.

"Sikh civil servants get Vaisakhi holiday". The Star Online. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2013.

Srigranth.org

http://punjabrevenue.nic.in/gaz_gdr5.htm

S. Balachandra Rao. Indian Astronomy: An Introduction

James G. Lochtefeld. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M

Tribune 15 April 2011 Baisakhi fervour at Haridwar Lakhs take dip in holy Ganga [8]

The Tribune 15 April 2015 Mesh Sankranti: Pilgrims take dip in Ganga

"BBC - Religion: Hinduism - Vaisakhi". BBC. Retrieved 22 January 2012.

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