Comparison of Bangladesh economy with that of one developed and one developing country Economy – overview of Bangladesh
লিখেছেন লিখেছেন মাটির মানুষ ২২ মার্চ, ২০১৩, ০৫:২৫:২৫ বিকাল
Comparison of Bangladesh economy with that of one developed and one developing country
Economy – overview of Bangladesh
The economy has grown 5-6% per year since 1996 despite political instability, poor infrastructure, corruption, insufficient power supplies, and slow implementation of economic reforms. Bangladesh remains a poor, overpopulated, and inefficiently-governed nation. Although more than half of GDP is generated through the service sector, 45% of Bangladeshis are employed in the agriculture sector with rice as the single-most-important product. Bangladesh's growth was resilient during the 2008-09 global financial crisis and recession. Garment exports, totaling $12.3 billion in FY09 and remittances from overseas Bangladeshis, totaling $11 billion in FY10, accounted for almost 12% of GDP.
Economy – overview of Brazil
Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments. In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its debt. After strong growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in 2008. Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. In 2010, consumer and investor confidence revived and GDP growth reached 7.5%, the highest growth rate in the past 25 years. Rising inflation led the authorities to take measures to cool the economy; these actions and the deteriorating international economic situation slowed growth to 2.7% for 2011 as a whole, though forecasts for 2012 growth are somewhat higher. Despite slower growth in 2011, Brazil overtook the United Kingdom as the world's seventh largest economy in terms of GDP. Urban unemployment is at the historic low of 4.7% (December 2011), and Brazil's traditionally high level of income equality has declined for each of the last 12 years. Brazil's high interest rates make it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital inflows over the past several years have contributed to the appreciation of the currency, hurting the competitiveness of Brazilian manufacturing and leading the government to intervene in foreign exchanges markets and raise taxes on some foreign capital inflows. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has retained the previous administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the central bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal restraint.
Economy – overview of Norway
The Norwegian economy is a prosperous mixed economy, with a vibrant private sector, a large state sector and an extensive social safety net. The government controls key areas, such as the vital petroleum sector, through extensive regulation and large-scale state-majority-owned enterprises. The country is richly endowed with natural resources - petroleum, hydropower, fish, forests, and minerals - and is highly dependent on the petroleum sector, which accounts for the largest portion of export revenue and about 20% of government revenue. Norway is the world's second-largest gas exporter; and seventh largest oil exporter, making one of its largest offshore oil finds in 2011. Norway opted to stay out of the EU during a referendum in November 1994; nonetheless, as a member of the European Economic Area, it contributes sizably to the EU budget. In anticipation of eventual declines in oil and gas production, Norway saves state revenue from the petroleum sector in the world's second largest sovereign wealth fund, valued at over $500 billion in 2011 and uses the fund's return to help finance public expenses. After solid GDP growth in 2004-07, the economy slowed in 2008, and contracted in 2009, before returning to positive growth in 2010-11, however, the government budget is set to remain in surplus.
Bangladesh economy Norway economy Brazil economy
GDP (purchasing power parity)
$282.5 billion (2011 est.)
$265.7 billion (2010 est.)
$249.8 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$115 billion (2011 est.)
GDP - real growth rate
6.3% (2011 est.)
6.4% (2010 est.)
5.9% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$1,700 (2011 est.)
$1,600 (2010 est.)
$1,500 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 18.4%
industry: 28.6%
services: 53% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line
31.5% (2010 est.)
Labor force
75.42 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances were $10.9 billion in FY09/10 (2011 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 45%
industry: 30%
services: 25% (2008)
Unemployment rate
5% (2011 est.)
5.1% (2010 est.)
note: about 40% of the population is underemployed; many participants in the labor force work only a few hours a week, at low wages
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 9.3%
male: 8%
female: 13.6% (2006)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: 26.6% (2008 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index
33.2 (2005)
33.6 (1996)
Investment (gross fixed)
24.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget
revenues: $12.67 billion
expenditures: $17.15 billion (2011 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
11% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
-3.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
Public debt
36.7% of GDP (2011 est.)
35.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
10.7% (2011 est.)
8.1% (2010 est.)
Central bank discount rate
5% (31 December 2010 est.)
5% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate
13.4% (31 December 2011 est.)
13% (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of money
$10.35 billion (30 September 2009)
$8.444 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of narrow money
$16.27 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$14.12 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of broad money
$59.86 billion (30 October 2011 est.)
$56.44 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of quasi money
$45.23 billion (30 September 2009)
$37.98 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of domestic credit
$73.69 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$64.71 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares
$47 billion (31 December 2010)
$7.068 billion (31 December 2009)
$6.671 billion (31 December 2008)
Agriculture - products
rice, jute, tea, wheat, sugarcane, potatoes, tobacco, pulses, oilseeds, spices, fruit; beef, milk, poultry
Industries
jute, cotton, garments, paper, leather, fertilizer, iron and steel, cement, petroleum products, tobacco, drugs and pharmaceuticals, ceramic, tea, salt, sugar, edible oil, soap and detergent, fabricated metal products, electricity and natural gas
Industrial production growth rate
7.4% (2011 est.)
Electricity - production
25.62 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 93.7%
hydro: 6.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
Electricity - consumption
23.94 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - exports
0 kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports
0 kWh (2009 est.)
Oil - production
5,724 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - consumption
98,000 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - exports
2,770 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - imports
77,340 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - proved reserves
28 million bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
Natural gas - production
19.75 billion cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
20.1 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2009 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves
195.4 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
Current Account Balance
-$372 million (2011 est.)
$2.502 billion (2010 est.)
Exports
$23.86 billion (2011 est.)
$19.24 billion (2010 est.)
Exports - commodities
garments, knitwear, agricultural products, frozen food (fish and seafood), jute and jute goods, leather
Exports - partners
US 22.1%, Germany 14.1%, UK 8.5%, France 6.8%, Netherlands 6.1% (2009)
Imports
$31.75 billion (2011 est.)
$24.72 billion (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities
machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement
Imports - partners
China 18.9%, India 12.7%, Singapore 6%, Malaysia 4.7%, Japan 4% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$10.98 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$11.18 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Debt - external
$24.93 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$24.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$7.216 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$6.107 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$94.2 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$91.2 million (31 December 2010 est.)
Exchange rates
taka (BDT) per US dollar -
73.7 (2011 est.)
69.65 (2010 est.)
69.04 (2009)
68.554 (2008)
69.893 (2007)
Fiscal year
1 July - 30 June GDP (purchasing power parity)
$2.282 trillion (2011 est.)
$2.222 trillion (2010 est.)
$2.067 trillion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$2.518 trillion (2011 est.)
GDP - real growth rate
2.7% (2011 est.)
7.5% (2010 est.)
-0.6% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$11,600 (2011 est.)
$11,300 (2010 est.)
$10,800 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 5.5%
industry: 27.5%
services: 67% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line
26% (2008)
Labor force
104.7 million (2011 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 20%
industry: 14%
services: 66% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate
6% (2011 est.)
6.7% (2010 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 17.8%
male: 13.9%
female: 23.1% (2009)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 42.5% (2009)
Distribution of family income - Gini index
51.9 (2012)
60.7 (1998)
Investment (gross fixed)
19.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget
revenues: $978.3 billion
expenditures: $900.2 billion (2011 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
39.9% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
3.1% of GDP (2011 est.)
Public debt
54.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
54.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
6.5% (2011 est.)5% (2010 est.)
Central bank discount rate
11% (31 December 2011 est.)
10.75% (31 December 2010 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate
45.6% (31 December 2011 est.)
39.992% (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of narrow money
$204.1 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$169.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of money
$125 billion (30 November 2009)
$95.03 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of quasi money
$645 billion (30 November 2009)
$724.5 billion (31 December 2008)
Stock of broad money
$1.878 trillion (30 November 2011 est.)
$1.826 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of domestic credit
$2.769 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.193 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares
$1.546 trillion (31 December 2010)
$1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)
$589.4 billion (31 December 2008)
Agriculture - products
coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
Industries
textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2011 est.)
Electricity - production
509.2 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 8.3%
hydro: 82.7%
nuclear: 4.4%
other: 4.6% (2001)
Electricity - consumption
455.7 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - exports
2.98 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Electricity - imports
35.9 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay and Venezuela (2010 est.)
Oil - production
2.301 million bbl/day (December 2011 est.)
Oil - consumption
2.029 million bbl/day (December 2011 est.)
Oil - exports
801,200 bbl/day (December 2011 est.)
Oil - imports
255,800 bbl/day (December 2011 est.)
Oil - proved reserves
12.86 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
Natural gas - production
24.07 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
25.13 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - imports
12.48 billion cu m (2011 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves
366.4 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
Current Account Balance
-$63.47 billion (2011 est.)
-$47.36 billion (2010 est.)
Exports
$250.8 billion (2011 est.)
$201.9 billion (2010)
Exports - commodities
transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos
Exports - partners
China 15.2%, US 9.6%, Argentina 9.2%, Netherlands 5.1%, Germany 4% (2009)
Imports
$219.6 billion (2011 est.)
$181.7 billion (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities
machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics
Imports - partners
US 15%, China 14.1%, Argentina 7.9%, Germany 6.9%, South Korea 4.6% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$357.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$288.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Debt - external
$410 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$346.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$426.4 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$368.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$113.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$128.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Exchange rates
reals (BRL) per US dollar -
1.602 (2011 est.)
1.76 (2010 est.)
2 (2009)
1.8644 (2008)
1.85 (2007)
Fiscal year
calendar year GDP (purchasing power parity)
$264.5 billion (2011 est.)
$260.1 billion (2010 est.)
$259.2 billion (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate)
$479.3 billion (2011 est.)
GDP - real growth rate
1.7% (2011 est.)
0.3% (2010 est.)
-1.7% (2009 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP)
$53,300 (2011 est.)
$53,000 (2010 est.)
$53,500 (2009 est.)
note: data are in 2011 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector
agriculture: 2.6%
industry: 39.7%
services: 57.7% (2011 est.)
Population below poverty line
NA%
Labor force
2.629 million (2011 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 2.9%
industry: 21.1%
services: 76% (2008)
Unemployment rate
3.3% (2011 est.)
3.6% (2010 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 9.2%
male: 10.3%
female: 8% (2009)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 3.9%
highest 10%: 21% (2008)
Distribution of family income - Gini index
25 (2008)
25.8 (1995)
Investment (gross fixed)
20.3% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget
revenues: $280.5 billion
expenditures: $209.5 billion (2011 est.)
Taxes and other revenues
59.2% of GDP (2011 est.)
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
13.5% of GDP (2011 est.)
Public debt
48.4% of GDP (2011 est.)
49.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data exclude treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment. Debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions.
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
1.4% (2011 est.)
2.5% (2010 est.)
Central bank discount rate
6.25% (31 December 2010 est.)
1.75% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate
5% (31 December 2011 est.)
4.6% (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of narrow money
$150.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$134.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of money
$NA
Stock of quasi money
$NA
Stock of broad money
$309.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$280.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of domestic credit
$658.6 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$584.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares
$250.9 billion (31 December 2010)
$227.2 billion (31 December 2009)
$125.9 billion (31 December 2008)
Agriculture - products
barley, wheat, potatoes; pork, beef, veal, milk; fish
Industries
petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing
Industrial production growth rate
-4.3% (2011 est.)
Electricity - production
129.9 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - production by source
fossil fuel: 0.4%
hydro: 99.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0.4% (2001)
Electricity - consumption
115.6 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - exports
14.63 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports
8.983 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Oil - production
2.134 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - consumption
221,300 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil - exports
2.184 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - imports
118,200 bbl/day (2009 est.)
Oil - proved reserves
5.67 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
Natural gas - production
106.3 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - consumption
6.6 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - exports
99.75 billion cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - imports
0 cu m (2010 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves
2.039 trillion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
Current Account Balance
$63.5 billion (2011 est.)
$51.44 billion (2010 est.)
Exports
$159.8 billion (2011 est.)
$132.7 billion (2010 est.)
Exports - commodities
petroleum and petroleum products, machinery and equipment, metals, chemicals, ships, fish
Exports - partners
UK 26.7%, Netherlands 12.1%, Germany 11.4%, Sweden 7%, France 6.6%, US 5% (2009)
Imports
$92.63 billion (2011 est.)
$74.3 billion (2010 est.)
Imports - commodities
machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners
Sweden 14.1%, Germany 12.4%, China 8.5%, Denmark 6.3%, UK 5.9%, US 5.4% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
$52.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$52.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Debt - external
$644.5 billion (30 June 2011)
$NA (30 June 2010)
note: Norway is a net external creditor
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
$156.5 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$148.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad
$230.9 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$213.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
Exchange rates
Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar -
5.432 (2011 est.)
6.0442 (2010 est.)
6.288 (2009)
5.6361 (2008)
5.86 (2007)
Fiscal year
calendar year
Source: CIA World Factbook
unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of July 19, 2012
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