JIHAD IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAM

লিখেছেন লিখেছেন মহিউডীন ১৮ ফেব্রুয়ারি, ২০১৩, ০২:১৬:৩৪ দুপুর

Jihad connotes a wide range of meanings: anything from an inward spiritual struggle to attain perfect faith is called Jihad. The concept of jihad as a struggle for self-improvement is little known among non-believers. The most difficult jihad is the one of the soul. The biggest trouble is not with your enemy but with yourself. It was mentioned in the Qur'an Surah Al Furqan verse 52 Allah swt says very early in the history of Islam and at a time when Muslims were weak and even persecuted. Allah swt said to His Prophet, “Do not obey the kafireen (those who reject the truth) but wage jihad with it (the Qur'an) against them”

Ibn Rushd, in his Miqaddimat, divides Jihad as follows:

"Jihad by the heart, Jihad by the tongue, Jihad by the hand and Jihad by the sword." He defines "Jihad by the tongue" as "to commend good conduct and forbid the wrong, like the type of Jihad Allah ordered us to fulfill against the hypocrites in His Words, in Surah Taubah verse 73 “O Prophet! Strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites”

Ibn al-Qayyim says:

Jihad is of four kinds: jihad an-nafs (jihad against one’s self), jihad ash-Shaytan (jihad against Satan), jihad against the kuffar and jihad against the hypocrites.

1. Jihad an-nafs (jihad against one’s self) is of four kinds:

a. Striving to learn the teachings of Islam b. Striving to make oneself act in accordance with what one has learned.c. Striving to call others to Islam, teaching those who do not know about it. d. Striving to bear patiently the difficulties involved in calling people to Allah swt and the insults of people, bearing all that for the sake of Allah. If a person achieves all four of these levels, then he will be one of the rabbaniyyin -- learned men of religion who practice what they know and also preach to others.(Look Surah Al Imran verse 79). The Salaf(righteous predecessors) were agreed that the scholar does not deserve to be called a rabbani unless he knows the truth, acts in accordance with it, and teaches it to others. Whoever teaches, acts in accordance with his knowledge, and has knowledge will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

2.Jihad ash-Shaytan (jihad against Satan) is of two types:a. Warding off the doubts that Satan stirs up to undermine faith. b.Striving against Satan to ward off the corrupt desires that he provokes. The first jihad is followed by certainty of faith, and the second is followed by patience. Allah swt says in Surah Sajdah verse 24: “And We made from among them (Children of Israel), leaders, giving guidance under Our Command, when they were patient and used to believe with certainty in Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) ”. Allah swt tells us that leadership in religion is attained through patience and certainty of faith. Patience wards off desires and certainty wards off doubts.

3 & 4. Jihad against the munafiqin (hypocrites) and kuffar (disbelievers) is of four kinds: with the heart, the tongue, one’s wealth and oneself. Jihad against the disbelievers is more along the lines of physical fighting, whereas jihad against the hypocrites is more along the lines of using words and ideas. in Surah Taubah verse 73 allah swt says “O Prophet! Strive hard against the unbelievers and the hypocrites”

Ibn Baz says:Jihad is of various kinds, with one’s self, one's wealth, by making dua, by teaching and guiding, by helping to do good in any way. The greatest form of jihad is jihad with one’s self (i.e., going oneself and fighting), followed by jihad with one's wealth, jihad by speaking out and guiding others. Dawah is also part of jihad. But going out oneself to fight in jihad is the highest form. (Fatawa ash-Sheikh Ibn Baz, 7/334, 335)

Nawawi in his book al-Minhaj, when defining Jihad and its different categories, said,"one of the collective duties of the community as a whole (fard kifaya) is to lodge a valid protest, to solve problems of religion, to have knowledge of Divine Law, to command what is right and forbid wrong conduct".

As we know Jihad is only to make high to the religion. There are kinds also as follows:

Personal Jihad: This is the most important form. This type of jihad, called the Jihadun-Nafs, (as Ibn al-Qayyim said which is explained earlier) is the intimate struggle to purify one's soul of evil influences -- both subtle and overt. It is the struggle to cleanse one's spirit of sin. Putting "Allah ahead of our loved ones, our wealth, our worldly ambitions and our own lives." Resisting pressure of parents, peers and society; strive against "the rejecters of faith..." (Surah Al Furqan verse 52) "...strive and struggle to live as true Muslims..." "Striving for righteous deeds."Spreading the message of Islam. "The (true) believers are only those who believe in Allah and his messenger and afterward doubt not, but strive with their wealth and their selves for the cause of Allah. Such are the truthful." (Surah Huzrat verse 15)

Verbal Jihad: To strive for justice through words and non-violent actions. Muhammad encouraged Muslims to demand justice in the name of Allah. When asked: "'What kind of jihad is better?' Muhammad replied, 'A word of truth in front of an oppressive ruler(Nisai)

Physical Jihad: This relates to the use of physical force in defense of Muslims against oppression and transgression by the enemies of Allah, Islam and Muslims. Allah commands that Muslims lead peaceful lives and not transgress against anyone. If they are persecuted and oppressed, the Qur'an recommends that they migrate to a more peaceful and tolerant land: "Lo! Those who believe, and those who emigrate (to escape persecution) and strive in the way of Allah swt, these have hope of Allah's mercy..." surah Al Baqara verse 218). If relocation is not possible, then Allah swt also requires Muslims to defend themselves against oppression by "fighting against those who fight against us." The Qur'an states: "To those against whom war is made, permission is given [to defend themselves], because they are wronged - and verily, Allah is Most Powerful to give them victory." ( Surah Al Hajj verse 39).

The scholars (may Allaah swt have mercy on them) have mentioned the rulings on jihad and have stated that jihad is of two types:

1 – Taking the initiative in fighting

This means pursuing the kaafirs in their lands and calling them to Islam and fighting them if they do not agree to submit to the rule of Islam. This kind of jihad is fard kifaayah (a communal obligation) upon the Muslims. Allaah swt says Al Anfal verse 39: “And fight them until there is no more Fitnah (disbelief and polytheism, i.e. worshipping others besides Allaah), and the religion (worship) will all be for Allaah Alone [in the whole of the world]. But if they cease (worshipping others besides Allaah), then certainly, Allaah is All-Seer of what they do”

Surah Al Taubah verse 5 Allah swt says,“Then when the Sacred Months (the Ist, 7th, 11th, and 12th months of the Islamic calendar) have passed, then kill the Mushrikoon (see V.2:105) wherever you find them, and capture them and besiege them, and lie in wait for them in each and every ambush. But if they repent [by rejecting Shirk (polytheism) and accept Islamic Monotheism] and perform As Salaah (Iqaamat-as-Salaah), and give Zakaah, then leave their way free. Verily, Allaah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful”

Surah Al Taubah verse 36 Allah swt says, “and fight against the Mushrikoon (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allaah) collectively as they fight against you collectively. But know that Allaah is with those who are Al Muttaqoon (the pious”

Surah Al Taubah verse 41 Allah swt says“March forth, whether you are light (being healthy, young and wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and poor), and strive hard with your wealth and your lives in the Cause of Allaah. This is better for you, if you but knew” [al-Tawbah 9:41]

It was narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allaah (an error occurred while processing this directive) (pbuh) said: “I have been commanded to fight the people until they bear witness that there is no god but Allaah swt, and that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allaah swt, and establish regular prayer, and pay zakaah, If they do that then their blood and wealth is safe from me, except by the laws of Islam, and their reckoning will be with Allaah.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaari & Muslim).

Narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever dies without having fought or thought to himself about fighting has died following one of the branches of hypocrisy.” (Muslim)

All of these texts – and many others in the Qur’aan and Sunnah – mean that it is obligatory for the Muslims to wage jihad against the kuffaar and take the initiative in that. The scholars are unanimously agreed that jihad against the kuffar, and seeking them in their own lands, and calling them to Islam, and waging jihad against them if they do not accept Islam or accept paying the jizyah, is obligatory and has not been abrogated.

Shaykh al-Islam (28/249) said: Everyone who hears the call of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to the religion of Allaah with which he was sent and does not respond to it must be fought so that there will be no fitnah and so that submission will all be for Allaah swt.

2 – Jihad in self-defence.

If the kuffaar attack and occupy a Muslim country, or they prepare to attack the Muslims, then it is obligatory for the Muslims to fight them so as to ward off their evil and foil their plots. Jihad in self-defence is fard ‘ayn (an individual obligation) upon the Muslims, according to scholarly consensus.

Al-Qurtubi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his Tafseer (8/15):

When jihad becomes inevitable because the enemy has overrun one of the (Muslim) regions, then it becomes obligatory for all the people of that region to mobilize and to go out to fight, whether they are light (being healthy, young and wealthy) or heavy (being ill, old and poor), each according to his abilities, with or without the permission of his parents. No one who is able to go out, warrior or helper, should stay behind. If the people of that country are unable to fight their enemy, then those in nearby and neighboring countries have to go out to fight, in whatever numbers are required to show support, so that they will know that they have the strength to stand up to them and ward them off. Similarly everyone who knows of their weakness in the face of their enemies and knows that he can go and help them must also go out and fight. All of the Muslims should be united against their enemies. If the people of the area where the enemy has invaded and occupied fight off the enemy themselves, then the others are relieved of that duty. If the enemy approaches the Muslim lands but does not enter, the Muslims must still go out to confront them so that the religion of Allaah will prevail and in order to protect the Muslim homeland and humiliate the enemy. There is no scholarly dispute on this point.

Shaykh al-Islam (28/358-359) said: If the enemy wants to attack the Muslims then resisting becomes obligatory on all those who are under threat, and those who are not under threat are obliged to help them, as Allaah says in Surah Al anfaal verse 72, “but if they seek your help in religion, it is your duty to help them except against a people with whom you have a treaty of mutual alliance”

And the Prophet (pbuh) also commanded us to help other Muslims. This is obligatory upon each person as much as possible, by fighting himself or by giving financial support, as was the case at the time of al-Khandaq, when Allaah swt did not grant any concession to anyone not to fight. Rather the Qur’aan condemns those who asked the Prophet for permission [not to fight] on the grounds that their houses were vulnerable when that was not the case, rather they just wanted to flee the battle. This fighting is in order to protect the religion, and protect lives and honour, and this is absolutely essential.

This is the ruling on physical jihad in Islam, whether that is taking the initiative to call the kuffaar to enter this religion and subjugate them to the rule of Islam, or jihad to defend the religion and honour of the Muslims.

From the above light of islam, we understood the meaning and concept of jihad. In the muslim world under democracy we are hearing always the sound of “ Sahid” even a culprit is dead.If anyone died , nobody has right to call the person shahid because we don’t know his heart why he has fought? In politically one is killing to others. This is not for establishing religion. Even the so called Islamic organization are killed under democracy is not called “ shahid” a muslim must learn from Quraan and sunnah in which position jihad is applied and how to be participate in jihad. Prophet (pbuh) said , Paradise under the sword”. Which sword it is? If I kill anyone is it jihad or shahid? If anyone from political party killing each other, is it jihad or sahid? These are polytheist words and the words of ignorant. Prophet (pbuh) said , if anyone spend one morning or evening in the way of Allah swt , that is better than this earth and whatever in it”

Finally it is known Jihad will be applied only when a Islamic government( running under sharia) will call country people for jihad that will be jihad. If any political party is calling to fight against another political party for jihad that is not jihad. If any tribe is calling to fight against another tribe that is not jihad. We have to announce and clear these for the transgressors. Quran is the legislation for the muslim. If any muslim is carrying Islamic books he is not the person of jihadi. We have seen in the news papers many innocent people are harassed by the police. This is the violation of human rights. Any religious person as long as are not making any violence , no one has right to hamper him. May Allah bless all of us to understand our religion and islam is the beautiful religion in the universe which is directing people in the way of truth.

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